The game of Backgammon started long ago and has witnessed dawns of many civilizations. Many people have joined hands in contributing to its policies over the years .The change of time and varied situation called for changes. The primitive people used to create rules to suit their convenience and there used to be major differences from country to country. There was a time, when the game used to be conducted as per the hosting country; however popularity of the game called for the necessity of standardisation.
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Even if you look at the rules and regulations of the first generation world-class tournaments you will find significant differences with that of today. You may find a glimpse in Barclay Cookes book, Paradoxes and Probabilities. Todays standardised rules are the result of many version changes. Again you will find subtle differences between the money game and the match game. The Internet era has further confirmed the necessity of standardization of rules. However, here we are discussing some of the rules, which have become identical with the individuals names.
Jacoby Rule
The Jacoby Rule is named after the late great gamesman Oswald Jacoby. Jacoby rule states that gammon and backgammon will come into effect, if and only if the player has announced a double and accepted by the opponent. The Jacoby Rule is mostly applied in Money game to encourage a player for higher points in a game of double. This brings speed in the game, where the player never waits for the gammon or backgammon; rather he announces double for faster points. Jacoby rules are applicable essentially for money play but hardly used in Match play.
Crawford Rule
The Crawford rule is named after John R. Crawford. When either of the players is just short of one point from the victory, then the opponent cannot announce a double in the subsequent game. This particular game, where double is prohibited, is called the Crawford game. Scientifically, even if a double is announced and accepted by the player approaching the victory, it will be nullified because point 1 or 2 can create hardly any difference for him. Rather the double may benefit the opponent who is losing.
But if the Crawford game remains indecisive in terms of final win or loss, then all the rules of double and redouble will be back in place in the subsequent games. This rule has been accepted worldwide. Even United States Backgammon Tournament Rules & Procedures follow Crawford rule at the closing stage of any tournament.
Holland Rule
It is an extension of Crawford rule where the rule says that after the Crawford game, the trailer can announce a double after completion of two valid rolls of both the players. But Holland rule could not sustain in the long run because of its confusing nature and complexity in implementation
Jacoby Rules and Crawford Rules are followed even in the online games today. But the online competitors declare their special terms and conditions (if any) in their site very clearly for the convenience of the players, because you may find many players from different parts of the world are playing simultaneously in the same game.
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