Gammon and Backgammon
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If one has completed the bear of his all 15 checkers, at a stage, when the other has not been able to bear off even one of his 15 checkers, then the winner is rewarded gammon, which doubles the points. If the situation becomes like one has been able to accomplish bear off completely, while the other has got his checker or checkers on the bar or in his outer board (essentially being the winners home board), the winner is rewarded backgammon, which has got triple effect.
Jacoby Rule
The Jacoby Rule is named after the late great gamesman Oswald Jacoby. Jacoby rule states that gammon and backgammon will come into effect, if and only if the player has announced a double and accepted by the opponent. The Jacoby Rule is mostly applied in Money game to encourage a player for higher points in a game of double. This brings speed in the game, where the player never waits for the gammon or backgammon; rather he announces double for faster points. Jacoby rules are applicable essentially for money play but hardly used in Match play.
Crawford Rule
The Crawford rule is named after John R. Crawford. When either of the players is just short of one point from the victory, then the opponent cannot announce a double in the subsequent game. This particular game, where double is prohibited, is called the Crawford game. Scientifically, even if a double is announced and accepted by the player approaching the victory, it will be nullified because point 1 or 2 can create hardly any difference for him.
Rather the double may benefit the opponent who is losing. But if the Crawford game remains indecisive in terms of final win or loss, then all the rules of double and redouble will be back in place in the subsequent games. This rule has been accepted worldwide. Even United States Backgammon Tournament Rules & Procedures follow Crawford rule at the closing stage of any tournament.
Holland Rule
It is an extension of Crawford rule where the rule says that after the Crawford game, the trailer can announce a double after completion of two valid rolls of both the players. But Holland rule could not sustain in the long run because of its confusing nature and complexity in implementation
Jacoby Rules and Crawford Rules are followed even in the online games today. But the online competitors declare their special terms and conditions (if any) in their site very clearly for the convenience of the players, because you may find many players from different parts of the world are playing simultaneously in the same game.
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