If one player has not been able to borne off any of his checkers by the time his opponent has borne off all of them, he has lost a gammon and loses twice the value of the game. If a player has not borne off any checkers, and still has a checker on the bar or in the opponent’s home board, he has lost a backgammon – which counts for triple the amount of a normal loss.
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The Doubling Cube:
In the beginning of the game the players agree on a wager per point. Each game begins at one point. To speed up match play and to make things more interesting the stake of the game can be doubled using a doubling cube. A doubling cube is a 6 sided die that that has the numbers 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 on it. If a player believes that he has an advantage in the game, he may, at the beginning of his turn (before rolling the dice) double (demand that the game be played for twice the current wager).
His opponent must either accept the challenge or forfeit the game. After that, the right to redouble belongs exclusively to the last player who accepted a double. The cube is used to keep track of the games current stake. For instance, after one player doubles the doubling cube is placed with the 2 side face up, after a redouble it shows 4 and so on. There is no limit on the number of doubles even though 64 is the highest number on the cube.
There are a few common optional rules:
Beavers A player is able to immediately redouble when offered the doubling cube, while retaining the cube and not giving it back to the opponent. This causes the stakes of the game to increase swiftly.
Automatic Doubles Any re-rolls at the start of each game (when each player rolls one die to determine who will go first) which results in a double. For instance, a 4-4 roll will cause the game to start with double the normal stakes. The doubling cube will remain in the middle, so any player is able to double at will.
Jacoby Rule – The Jacoby Rule means that gammons and backgammons (as explained earlier) will count for double and triple points only in the case that at least one doubling has occurred during the game. This will encourage the player who has a large lead in a game to double, and probably end the game instead of just waiting for the game to end in a gammon or backgammon.
There are other rules such as the Crawford rules and Holland rules that apply to matches between players consisting of more than one game; for example, the first one to reach three points.
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